Pipe cutter



June 13, 1944. 'Q Q BRQWN TAL A- 2,351,187

PIPE GUTTER Filed June 5,v 1941 I Milf/braga.

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June z13, 1944. c, Q BROWN UAL 2,351,187

' P1PE CUTTER Filed June 5. 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 13, 1944 PIPE CUTTER Cicero C. Brown and Jaros J. Hastik, Houston,

Tex., assgnors to Brown Oil Tools, Inc., Houston, Tex.. a corporation of Texas Application June 5, 1941, Serial No. 396,724

.. This invention relates to pipe cutters and has for its general object the provision of a pipe cutter which may be more easily manufactured and which will be more eflicient in use than those heretofore devised.

The particular class of pipe'cutters to which this invention relates is adapted to be run into a well or other hole for the purpose of cutting a pipe located therein. Cutters for this purpose have been designed in the past and such cutters have included means for anchoring the cutter body within the pipe to be severed and cutting means adapted to move outwardly and sever the pipe upon rotation and other manipulation of the tool. l

It is an object of this invention to provide a novel and highly elective means for anchoring a portion of such a cutter assembly against longitudinal movement within the pipe to be severed -while the severing operation is being carried on.

A further object of this invention is to provide a readily releasable latching means whereby the anchoring portion of the device may be held inoperative until it is desired to anchor the cutter in the pipe to be severed, and which may after the severing operation or at any other time when desired be moved quickly into position to again hold the anchoring means in inoperative position.

known, which may be inserted or removed as a 'unit so that it may be easily replaced or repaired whenever desired without danger of dropping small parts, and which' will not become clogged by small particles of foreign matter which might get in between the working parts.

Another object of this invention is to provide la pipe cutter of the type referred to in which expanding means for the respective knives of the cutter may be individually inserted or removed `without need for disassembling the remainder `.of the tool.

'It' is a further object to provide such a device -in which the cutter expanding means for each -knife will be. independent of the expanding vmeans forthe other knives of the device.

Another object of this invention is to provide ,such a device inr whichportions of the cutter "-body below the knife expanding means may be made larger and stronger than is zwith previously known constructions.

possible Another object of this invention is to provide a device in which the usual possible movements of the device as it is being lowered into a hole will tend to keep the anchoring means latched in released position. i

One other object of this .invention-is to provide anchoring slips for-such a cutting device and to provide a mounting thereforwhich will hold said slips positively and securely in whatever position may be desired by the operator, thus preventing their loss in the hole.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein is set forth by way of illustration one embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in vertical cross section showing the upper portion of a cutting tool constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the lower portion of the same tool `and forming a continuation of the lower end of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively are transverse cross sections taken along the lines 3--3, 4 4, 5-5, and 6--6 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are similar transverse cross sections taken along the lines i-i, 8 8, 9 9, and HJ-IU of Fig. 2; Y

Fig. 11 is a view generally similar to Fig. 1 but illustrating the device inside a pipe which has just been severed by the tool, the cutter knives being shown in expanded position;

Fig. 12 is a continuation of the lower portion of Fig. 11 illustrating the lower end of the same device within the pipe that has just been severed; A

Fig. 13 is a transverse cross section taken along the line i3-I3 of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary view showing a portion of the device illustrated in Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive within a pipe to be severed and showing in elevation the anchoring means for` the cutting device. i

Fig. 15 is a side elevation of the cage for holding the gripping dogs forming a part .of the latching assembly for the anchoring portion of this device; a

Fig. 16 is a top plan view ofthe element shown in Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a view on a reduced scale similar to Figs. 11 and 12 showing .the pipe cutter of this invention just after it has severed a pipe and before the knlveshave been retracted.

The tool illustrated in the drawings has a main body portion I which is threaded or otherwise formed at its upper end to receive the lower end of a tool joint 2 or other connection, the same being in turn mounted on the lower end of the pipe for operating the pipe cutter. Adjacent its upper end this body member I is formed with a plurality of slots 3 which extend longitudinally with respect to the body and which are spaced circumferentially from each other. About the body and overlying the upper ends of these slots there is welded or otherwise secured a split sleeve 4, thus forming a downwardly open socket Sat the upper end of each of these slots. Disposed within each of the sockets is 'a slideable wedge block 6 urged downwardly at all times by means of a spring 1, which is inserted into the socket ahead of the block 6.

Pivotally mounted within each of the slots3 below the sleeve 4 is a knife consisting of a body portion 8, a cutting point portion 9 and a tail piece IIJ. The tailpiece. I0 is disposed upwardly as shown and is adapted to be acted upon by the wedge surface of the block 6 so that under the influence of the spring 1 this block tends at. all times to urge the tail portion I9 of the knife outwardly and to retract the point portion by swinging the knife about its pivot II..

In previous constructions it was customary to make the body portion a short distance below the knives of a. radius equal to or less than the distance between the bottoms of the slots and the central axis of the body so that the slots would run out of the body at the point `of reduction. This was for the purpose of permitting a sleeve having integral knife expanding fingers thereon to be moved upwardly over the lower end of the body during the assembly of the tool so that' the knife expanding lingers might be ltted into the slots below the knives.'

In the present construction the body is in a similar manner reduced in cross section at I2 a short distance below the lower ends of the knives. However, for the purpose of retaining a sufficient .thickness of material in the b ody member to a give it the strength which is desired, the reduction is not as great as was the case in the prior constructions referred to. Instead, the body member below the point of reduction is made of sufcient diameter to give it the desired strength `although of less diameter than the upper portion of the body member. The slots 3 instead of being made of the same depth throughout their length, as in the prior constructions, are made of reduced depth a short distance below the lower ends of the knives, so that they will just run out of the body at the point of reduction thereof indicated by the numeral I2.

In order to make this construction possible, the knife expanders are not made integral with a sleeve and slipped over the lower end of the cutter body as in Aprevious constructions but are made as individual members. These individua-l 'members are in the form of fingers having wedgeshaped upper ends I 3, intermediate body portions I4 and T-shaped head portions I5 on their lower ends. The wedge-shaped upper ends I3 are made of greater thickness in` a radial direction than the intermediate body portions I4, so that these wedge portions will fit down into the deeper portions of the slots 3, while the intermediate body portions I4 may overlie the relatively larger reduced lower end of the body member I of the cutter.

slightly reduced in diameter at I9a to form a downwardly facing shoulder and the sleeve I6 is counterbored from its lower end to form a These knife expanders are individually put in 75 chamber between the inner surface of the sleeve and the outer surface of the cutter body for the reception of a compression spring I9. This spring I9 is held within the sleeve I6 under a predetermined initial compression by means of a ring 20 which is welded or otherwise suitably secured within the lower end of the sleeve I6 as shown at 2I. On the upper end of the spring I9 is a ring 22 which serves to prevent the spring I9 from slipping over or past the shoulder Ia on the body of the cutting tool.

The sleeve I6 and the parts carried thereby are keyed to the body I of the cutting tool by the engagement of the sleeve with the knife expanders so that this sleeve and associated parts rotate with the body I of the cutting tool. The lower surface of the ring 20 is provided with a friction bearing surface adapted to receive the upper end of a wedge-shaped sleeve 23, which likewise has a friction bearing surface on its upper end bearing against the first friction bearing surface at 24. This wedge-shaped ring or sleeve is limited in its upward movement with respect to the body of the cutting tool by means of an internal shoulder 25 adapted to bear against a downwardly facing shoulder 26 on the body of the cutting tool. This sleeve 23, however, is ro- -tatably mounted on the cutting tool so 'that the cutting tool may rotate with respect to this sleeve. The sleeve is held in place on the body member by means of a small diameter holding sleeve 21 surrounding the body of the cutting tool below the sleeve 23 and bearing against its lower end.

-This sleeve 21 is in turn held in place by means of a nut 28 that bears against its lower end and is threadedly mounted on the lower end of the cutterbody as showna-t 29. This nut is locked against backing olf by means of a set screw 30 and is preferably shaped at its lower end to form a guide 3| for the purpose of guiding the tool into the pipe to be cut. Y

The sleeve 23 is formed with dove-tailed ridges 32 on its outer surface as shown in Fig. 7, and

Lthese ridges are adapted to be received in corresponding grooves in the rear faces of the slips 33. These slips have downwardly vdirected teeth so as to anchor within a pipe to be cut and prevent downward movement of the tool.

The slips 33 may be of any number desired and have integra1 arms 34 extending downwardly therefrom and terminating in T-shaped heads 35.

These T-shaped heads fit in corresponding rshaped notches or slots 36 in a sleeve 31; The

-sleeve 31 intermediate its ends is formed 'with a plurality of circumferentially spaced sockets 38 adapted to receive friction shoes 39; These vfriction shoes 39 are normally pressed Voutwardly by .means of springs 4I] interposed behind them. AThey are retained within their sockets, however,

by means of split rings 4I secured in place by 'screws 42 and extending around the 'exterior'of the sleeve 31( The shoes 39 are provided with extensions 43. attheirends for the purpose of engaging the inner surfaces of the split rings 4I to keep the shoes 39y in` place.

The outer surfaces of the shoes 39 are formed with teeth adapted to frictionally engage a pipe to be cut to hold the sleeve 31 frictionally against rotation within such pipe. These teeth 44 extend generally speaking in a longitudinal direction with respect to the body of the cutting tool but are slightly inclined with respect to the axis of the cutting tool so that as the device is lowered throughA a pipe to becutthese teeth will tend to cause a slight rotation of the sleeve 31 ina right hand direction as vone would look at the device from its upper end. The purpose of this will presently appear. l

The sleeve v31`is counterbored at its lower end to provide a chamber 45, and the lower end of this counterbore is provided with threads 46 into which is threaded a cage-like element 41 clearly l illustrated in Figs. .15 and 16. This element has threads 448 adjacent itslower end for the purpose of engaging with the threads 46 in the sleeve 31 and has a flange 49 at its lower end for the purpose of limiting such engagement. At its upper end this element is formed with three prongs 50 equally spaced circumferentially, which prongs are formed on a slightly smaller diameter than the threaded `portion 48 but are provided with helical grooves 5I for the purpose of receiving a helically wound wire spring.

Fitted between the prongs 50 on this element are an equal number of dogs 52. These dogs 52 are so shaped that they'may move outwardly with respect to the prongs 50 but their inward movement is limited by engagement with the radial side faces Aof the prongs 50 as shown in Fig. 13. These dogs are formed on their outer surfaces with helical grooves corresponding in pitch to those on the prongs 50 but of suchvdepth that they will be normally held in their innermost position by means of the helical spring 53 above referred to.

On their inner surfaces these dogs are provided with buttress :type screw threads adapted to engage with similarly formed screw threads 54-on the exteriorupper portion of the nut 2-8.

The screw threadsdescribed are all right hand screw threads. l .I In assembling the device above described, the springs 1 and the. blocks 6 are first put in place and the knives 8, are put in and secured by their pivots II. The sleeve I6 with its associated precompressed spring I9 is then slipped over the lower end of the body member and when the ring 22 engages the shoulder I8a on the body member the knife expanders .L4 may be put in place one by one and secured by the retaining pins I8. This will hold the sleeve ,I5 in position on the cutter body.

The '1T-heads 35 on the slips 33 are then tted in the T-slots 36 .in the sleeve 31, and the dovetailed grooves in the inner surfaces of the slips 33 are caused to engage the tongues 32 on the expander sleeve 23. Thereupon the entire assembly, expander sleeve, slips, and sleeve 31 are slipped in place over the lower end of the cutting tool bodyuntil the-upper end of the expander sleeve engages the ri'ng 20 in the lower end of the sleeve I6. The sleeve 21 is then slipped in place to hold the expander sleeve 23 in place and the entire device is held together by placing the nut 28 in position over the` lower end of the cutting tool body.4 i

'It will readily be seen that the unitary assembly formed by the cage shown in Fig. 15 and the dogs 52 together with the. retaining spring 53 may be engaged within the lower end of the sleeve 31 either before this sleeve is put in place or just prior to the time the nut 28 is put in place. In any event, it is secured in place before the'nut 28 is engaged with the lower end of the cutting tool body. The nut 2B is then screwed home and the buttress-type threads on the exterior of this nut engaging with the corresponding thread-like grooves on the inner surfaces of the dogs 52 may be forced between these dogs causing them to expand 4and ride over the threads on the nut. If desired, the nut may be screwed home before the dogs 52 are caused to expand. this being made possible by a mere upward movement of the sleeve 31 together with its associated parts.

Either before the sleeve 31. is put in Place or afterwards, whenmost convenient, the shoes 39 will be put in place together with the springs 40 and will be secured in place by the split rings 4I. In operation, the dogs 52 are caused to be fully engaged with the buttress-type threads on the nut 28 before the device is inserted in the hole. This will serve to hold the sleeve 31 in its lowermost` position,v and to hold the slips 33 adjacent the lowermost end of the expander sleeve 23. As the device is lowered into the well it frequently happens that the upper end of the drill pipe or other pipe on which the cutting tool is being run may be rotated slightly to the right in the course of connecting the various joints as the rpipe is inserted. In order to prevent this from causing an unscrewing of the segments 52 from vthe threads on the nut 28, the teeth 44 on the shoes 39 are inclined as above described. Due to this inclination of these teeth there is a tendency as the device is lowered for the sleeve 31 to be turned toward the right andthus to counteract any unscrewing movement due to the slippage just referred t0. A .When the point in the hole has been reached where the pipe is to be severed, the string of pipe on which the tool is being run will be rotated to the right. This will cause an unscrewing of the segments 52 from their engagement with the threads 54 on the nut 28. With these threads disengaged the sleeve 31 and the slips 33 may move upwardly with respect to the body of the tool, or, conversely the body of the tool may move downwardly with respect to these parts thus moving the expander sleeve 23 in between the slips 33 and expanding these slips into engagement with the pipe to be cut. Weight is now allowed to be placed upon the cutter body causing the body to move downwardly with respect to the expander sleeve 23. Resting on the expander sleeve 23 is the ring 20 and the sleeve I6, and the sleeve I3 carries the knife expanders I4. Inasmuch as the spring I9 is pre-compressed a predetermined amount, there must be an equivalent weight placed upon the body of the cutting tool before this spring will be further compressed and before the body of the cutting tool can be moved downwardlywith respect to the ring 20 and its associated parts. When thisV amount of weight is placed on the body of the cutting tool, this body will begin to m'ove downwardly and as it is moved downwardly the lower ends of the knives will come against the inclined surface I3 on the upper ends of theknife expanders and will cause expension of the knives into cutting engagement with the pipe tovbe severed. Rotation of the pipe cutter will now cause a severance of the pipe. '.After the pipe has been severed, a mere upward 4.and will permit the knives :upward movement of the knives with respect to the inclinedsurfaces i3 of the knife expanders to be retracted by the blocks 6. and the springs '1. .Further upward movement of the cutting tool body will cause the engagement of the threads 54 on the nut 28 with Vthe dogsV 52. Due1to the shape of these threads ithe dogs 52 Willbe moved outwardly against the tensionof the spring .53 and the threads 54 may -move upwardly .between.,the dogs so that the segmental threads on the dogs may be engaged therewith. The sleeve 31 will now be held downwardly to hold the slips 33 in their inactive position, whereupon the cutting tool may be moved to any other. position in the pipe to another cut, if desired, or mayjbewithdrawn from the hole.

Having described our invention, we claim: l. A pipe cutter having a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, cutting means on the body, i?.

an anchor on said body, locking means on the rloodyfor locking the anchor in the pipe, latching means for holding said locking means in inoperative position, said latching means being releasable upon relative rotation of the body and anchor in one direction to free the locking means, and dogs. carried by the anchor and having portions for engaging the inner surfaceof the pipe, the portions-of the dogs engaging the inner surface of the pipe havingelongated teeth inclined to the axis of the pipe to impart rotary motion to the anchor asthe latter is introduced into the pipe in a direction: opposite to that effecting release Aof the latching means to prevent premature release of said latching means..

;- 2. A pipe cutter comprising a body having a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinally extendinggrooves in. the surface thereof, .a plurality of levers. pivotally mounted in said grooves about axestransverse to the axis of the body, a cutter blade on one end of each lever, resilient means urging the levers to a position in which the cutter blades are within the periphery of the body, wedges slidably mounted in said Igrooves, and meansspac'ed farther from the axis of the body than the innermost portions of said wedges for displacing said wedges between the bottomsof the grooves and the blade carrying ends ofthe leversto displace. the. blades beyond the `outer vperiphery of the body.

, 3; A pipe cutter comprising a body having a plurality yof .circumferentially spaced longitudinally vextending grooves in the surface thereof, a plurality of levers pivotally mounted in said grooves about axes transverse to the axis of the body, a cutter blade on one end of each lever, `|resilient means urging the levers to a position in vwhich the cutter bladesare within the periphery of the body, wedges slidably mounted in said grooves, a sleeve slidably mounted on said body and of -larger internal radius than the least distance of: the bottom of said groove from the axis of the body, means for anchoring .the sleeve in said,A pipe against downward movement, and means connecting said wedges to the sleeve for .displacing Isaid Wedges `between the bottoms of the grooves and the blade carrying ends of the levers to displace the blades beyond the outer periphery of the body upon lowering the body into theY pipe. y

4. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cut- -ter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, anc anchor on said body, and locking meanSOn thelanchornfor-locking the anchor 1n 2,351,187 .movement of the cutting `tool body will causean 'position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising a plurality of dogsjspaced about said body and carried by said anchor, a spring encircling said dogs to hold them against said body and interengaging'means onqthe dogs and body for latching the dogs to the body when the dogs are held against the body, said interengaging means being releasable upon relative rotation of thebody and anchor.

5. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor forlocking the anchor in position in the pipe vupon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising a plurality of dogs carried by said anchor and spaced about said body, and means embracing said dogs to hold said dogs resiliently against said body, interengageable projections on said dogs and said body, one of said `projections being inclined so that the other may slide thereover in one direction.

6. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the-body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising an annular cage having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, said cage being carried by said anchor, dogs mounted between and engaged with said parts, interengageable projections on said dogs and said body, one of said projections being inclined so that the other may slidethereover in one direction, and a spring embracing said dogs to hold them together and between the parts of said cage. v

7. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipefcutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising an annular cage threadedly engaged with said anchor and having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, a plurality of movable dogs carried by said cage between said parts, interengageable projections-on said dogs and said body, one of said projections being inclined so that the other may slide thereover in one direction, and aspring ring embracing said dogs for resiliently holding. them against said body.

the body and anchon'said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising an annular cage secured to said anchor and having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, a plurality of dogs carried between said parts respectively, interengageable projections on said dogs and said body, one,of said projections being inclined so that the other may slide thereover, said dogs and parts having registering circumferential grooves in their outer surfaces, and a spring member lying in said grooves and extending about said dogs and parts for resiliently holding said dogs against said body.

9. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising a cage carried by the anchor and having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, dogs between said parts respectively, interengageable projections on said dogs and said body, one of said projections being inclined so that the other may slide thereover in one direction, said parts and dogs having registering` helical grooves formed in their outer surfaces, and a helical coiled spring lying in said grooves and embracing said parts and dogs to urge said dogs against said body.

10. .A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising an annular cage carried by said anchor and having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, dogs between and engaged with said parts, the shape of the openings between said parts being such that said dogs cannot move inwardly from between said parts beyond a predetermined position, and a spring embracing said parts and dogs for resiliently urging said dogs inwardly against the body.

11. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising an annular cage having circumferentially spaced parts providing openings therebetween, having its exterior annular surface threaded for engagement with the threaded socket in the anchor, and having an external radial ange remote from said parts for limiting its engagement with such anchor, dogs between said parts respectively, and spring means embracing said dogs and parts for holding said dogs in place between said parts and urging them inwardly against the body.

12. A releasable automatic latch for a pipe cutter which pipe cutter includes a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, pipe cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, and locking means on the anchor for locking the anchor in position in the pipe upon relative axial displacement of the body and anchor, said automatic latch serving to latch the body and anchor against relative axial displacement for holding the locking means in inoperative position and comprising a movable dog carried by said anchor, interengageable projections on said dog and said body, one of said projections being inclined so that the other may slide thereover in one direction, said projections being releasable from each other by a relative rotation of said body and anchor, and friction means on said anchor for holding it against rotation while said body is rotating to release said projections from each other, said friction means having ridges on its friction surfaces inclined with respect to the central axis of said body in a direction such that when being lowered into such opening it will tend to cause rotation of said anchor upon said body in a direction to prevent the release of said projections from each other.

13. A pipe cutter comprising a body having a recess, a cutter blade mounted within said recess for movement to retracted inactive or projected cutting positions, means for retracting said blade, means Within said recess for projecting said blade to cutting position, and means radially farther from the axis of the body than the deepest part of said recess for actuating said projecting means.

14. A pipe cutter comprising a body having a recess, a cutter blade mounted within said recess for movement to retracted inactive or projected cutting positions, means for retracting said blade, means within said recess for projecting said blade to cutting position, and means for actuating said projecting means, said last means being mounted on a part of said body radially farther from the axis of said body than the deepest part of said recess. n

15. A pipe cutter having a body for insertion into a pipe to be cut, cutting means on the body, an anchor on said body, locking means on the body for locking the anchor lin the pipe, latching means for holding said locking means in operative position, said latching meansV being releasable upon relative rotation of the body and anchor in one direction to free the locking means, and friction means carried by the anchor and having portions for engaging the inner surface of the pipe, said portions engaging the inner surface of the pipe being inclined to the axis of the pipe to impart rotary motion to the anchor as the latter is introduced into the pipe in a direction opposite to that eiecting release of the latching means to prevent premature release of said latching means.

CICERO C. BROWN. JAROS J. HASTIK. 

